5-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-[(2-furanylmethyl)amino]benzoic acid
嬰幼兒:推薦劑量為每日每公斤體重 2mg,但每日最高劑量不可超過 40mg。
Absorption
Mean bioavailability is 64% with the tablet and 60% with the oral solution.
Distribution
Protein binding is 91% to 99% (albumin).
Metabolism
The major metabolite is furosemide glucuronide.
Elimination
The t 1/ 2 is about 2 h; furosemide is excreted in urine.
Onset
PO 1 h, IV 5 min.
Peak
PO 1 to 2 h, IV 30 min.
Duration
PO 6 to 8 h, IV 2 h.
Aminoglycosides, ethacrynic acid
May increase auditory toxicity. Avoid coadministration.
Antihypertensive agents
Antihypertensive effects may be potentiated. Reduce dose by at least 50% when furosemide is coadministered.
Charcoal
May reduce absorption of furosemide.
Cisplatin
May cause additive ototoxicity.
Digitalis glycosides
Electrolyte disturbances may predispose to digitalis-induced arrhythmias.
Lithium
May increase plasma lithium levels and toxicity. Avoid coadministration.
Norepinephrine
Arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine may be decreased.
NSAIDs
May decrease effects of furosemide.
Phenytoin
May reduce diuretic effects of furosemide.
Salicylates
Because of competition for renal excretion, patients may experience salicylate toxicity. Salicylates may impair diuretic response in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.
Succinylcholine
The effects may be potentiated by furosemide.
Sucralfate
Natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of furosemide may be decreased; separate the administration times by at least 2 h.
Thiazide diuretics
Synergistic effects that may result in profound diuresis and serious electrolyte abnormalities.
Tubocurarine
The skeletal muscle relaxant effect may be antagonized by furosemide.
Incompatibility
Acid solutions including other parenteral medications (eg, labetalol, ciprofloxacin, amrinone, milrinone): do not add to furosemide solution; precipitate forms.
2. 要注意病人是否產生電解質不均衡的徵兆(如食慾不振、口乾、口渴、心跳過快、胃腸發生障礙、不安、眩暈、虛弱、倦怠、肌肉疼痛性痙攣),一有發現就要向醫師報告,通常要考慮調整劑量和/或補充電解質(口鉀或鈉)。
3. IV投與時要仔細的監視,太快或過度的利尿,會導致低血容積,低血壓和血管虛脫,要經常的測定血壓。同時要避免注射液外溢,因為這樣通常會造成疼痛和刺激。
4. 糖尿病患者或疑似患者使用本品時,要定期的測定血糖和尿糖,要注意病人的血糖是否增加,或對葡萄糖的耐受性是否改變;如果有所發現,就要向醫師報告。
5. 下列情況使用本品宜小心:肝壞死、糖尿病、痛風、或心源性休克、以及接受毛地黃或排空鉀質之類固醇治療的病人、和老年人等。
6. 投與本品要在早晨為之,最遲為下午,應該避免夜尿和中斷睡眠,要向病人強調按照處方規律服藥的重要性。
7. 於Furosemide治療期間,常發生血中尿酸濃度升高的現象;因此可能使易發病患者的痛風發作。
2. 勸告病人避免服用甘草,因為它含有Glycyrrhizic acid,如果大量食用的話,會導致嚴重的低血鉀。