胰島素是由位於胃旁的一個大腺體－胰臟所產生的一種荷爾蒙，此荷爾蒙使人體能正確的利用食物，尤其是糖類。當胰臟製造的胰島素不敷身體所需，即會引起糖尿病。為了要控制糖尿病，醫師常處方胰島素注射液，來維持血糖正常的濃度。

胰島素主要的作用是調節葡萄糖代謝。
另外，在不同的組織中，胰島素有幾種合成代謝和抗-分解代謝的作用。在肌肉組織中，包含增加肝糖、脂肪酸、甘油和蛋白質合成及胺基酸吸收， 然而又降低肝糖分解(glycogenolysis) 、糖質新生(gluconeogenesis)作用、酮體生成、脂肪分解、蛋白質分解代謝和胺基酸排出。

Absorption
Inhalation insulin is absorbed as quickly as subcutaneously administered rapid-acting insulin analogs and more quickly than subcutaneous regular human insulin.

Onset
0.5 to 1 h (regular). 1 to 1.6 h (NPH). 1 to 2.5 h (lente). 4 to 8 h (ultralente). 10 to 20 min (inhalation).

Peak
4 to 12 h (NPH). 7 to 15 h (lente). 10 to 30 h (ultralente). Max effect approximately 2 h after inhalation.

Duration
8 to 12 h (regular). 24 h (NPH, lente). 20 to 36 h (ultralente). Approximately 6 h (inhalation).

Special Populations
Passive cigarette smoking
Insulin C max and AUC may be reduced approximately 30% to 20%, respectively.

ACE inhibitors, anabolic steroids, clofibrate, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, guanethidine, MAOIs, oral antidiabetics, propoxyphene, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracyclines
May increase hypoglycemic effects of insulin.

Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts
May increase or decrease the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin.

Atypical antipsychotics, corticosteroids, danazol, diazoxide, diltiazem, glucagon, isoniazid, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetics, thyroid hormone
May decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin.

Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.

Bronchodilators, other inhaled products
May alter the absorption of inhaled human insulin.

Pentamidine
May cause hypoglycemia, which may be followed by hyperglycemia.

藥品應置於攝氏 2 ~ 8 度冰箱內(勿冷凍)；如發生變質或過期，不可再使用。

已開封使用之藥品，於室溫25℃以下，陰涼乾燥處存放，可使用一個月。超過期限，未用完之藥品，應予丟棄。