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Absorption
Inhalation insulin is absorbed as quickly as subcutaneously administered rapid-acting insulin analogs and more quickly than subcutaneous regular human insulin.
Onset
0.5 to 1 h (regular). 1 to 1.6 h (NPH). 1 to 2.5 h (lente). 4 to 8 h (ultralente). 10 to 20 min (inhalation).
Peak
4 to 12 h (NPH). 7 to 15 h (lente). 10 to 30 h (ultralente). Max effect approximately 2 h after inhalation.
Duration
8 to 12 h (regular). 24 h (NPH, lente). 20 to 36 h (ultralente). Approximately 6 h (inhalation).
Special Populations
Passive cigarette smoking
Insulin C max and AUC may be reduced approximately 30% to 20%, respectively.
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ACE inhibitors, anabolic steroids, clofibrate, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, guanethidine, MAOIs, oral antidiabetics, propoxyphene, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracyclines
May increase hypoglycemic effects of insulin.
Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts
May increase or decrease the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin.
Atypical antipsychotics, corticosteroids, danazol, diazoxide, diltiazem, glucagon, isoniazid, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetics, thyroid hormone
May decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin.
Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.
Bronchodilators, other inhaled products
May alter the absorption of inhaled human insulin.
Pentamidine
May cause hypoglycemia, which may be followed by hyperglycemia.
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