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Absorption ：Completely absorbed and extensively metabolized to active MHD. In steady state, MHD is reached in 2 to 3 days when given twice daily. For tablet form, T max is 4.5 h. For oral suspension form, T max is 6 h.
Distribution： The Vd for MHD is 49 L. 40% of serum is protein bound for the MHD, predominantly albumin.
Metabolism： Rapidly reduced by cytosolic enzymes in the liver to MHD, which is primarily responsible for pharmacologic effect. MHD metabolized further by conjugation with glucuronic acid. 4% oxidized to inactive 10,11-dihydroxy metabolite (DHD).
Elimination： Less than 1% eliminated unchanged through the kidneys. 80% excreted as glucuronides of MHD (49%) or as unchanged MHD (27%); inactive DHD accounts for 3%, and conjugates of MHD and oxcarbazepine account for 13%. The t ½ for the parent drug is approximately 2 h. The t ½ for MHD is approximately 9 h.
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