(R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
Epinephrine為一種作用於α及β腎上腺素接受體的交感神經致效劑。心肌收縮力強，心跳速率增加，使小支氣管動脈收縮，鬆弛子宮平滑肌，控制子宮收縮。
兒童─肌注0.3mg，需要時每隔15分鐘注射一次；緊急時亦可靜注
- 使用本劑如有胸痛、不規則心跳等副作用應與醫療照應。
- 使用本藥如有下列副作用持續或引起困擾時應與醫療照應:頭痛、神經質、不安、心臟搏動異常快速。
Metabolism
Inactivated by enzymatic transformation to metabephrine or normetanephrine; these are subsequently conjugated and excreted in the urine.
Elimination
Mostly excreted in urine as inactive metabolites; remainder excreted as unchanged drug or conjugated.
Onset
5 to 10 minutes (subcutaneous), 1 to 5 minutes (inhalation).
Duration
4 to 6 h (subcutaneous), 1 to 4 h (IM), 1 to 3 h (inhalation).
Alpha-adrenergic blockers (eg, phentolamine)
Vasoconstricting and hypertensive effects are antagonized.
Antihistamines
Epinephrine effects may be potentiated.
Beta-blocking agents
May decrease effects of these agents, resulting in hypertension.
Diuretics
Vascular response may be decreased.
Ergot alkaloids, phenothiazines, nitrates
Pressor effects of epinephrine may be reversed.
Furazolidone, methyldopa, Rauwolfia alkaloids
May cause hypertension.
General anesthetics (eg, halothane, cyclopropane), cardiac glycosides
The potential for the myocardium to be sensitized to the effects of sympathomimetic amines is increased. Arrhythmias may result with coadministration and may respond to beta-blockers.
Guanethidine
May increase pressor response.
Levothyroxine
Epinephrine effects may be potentiated.
Oxytoxic drugs
May cause severe persistent hypertension.
Tricyclic antidepressants
May potentiate epinephrine's vasopressive effects.
Incompatibility
Epinephrine is unstable in alkaline solutions (eg, sodium bicarbonate); avoid admixture.
2.會引起腸損傷使小腸發生阻塞，出血及穿孔。
3.引起升壓反應如急性肺水腫、不整脈、心跳停，勿過量投與。
4.靜脈內投與時，為不使血壓異常上升，請小心投與。
5.在靜脈注射點滴時，大量的注射液漏出於血管外時，會出現局部的虛性壞死。
6.在局部麻醉劑內添加使用時，請勿投與耳、指趾，或陰莖。
7.針對肌肉注射時，為避免組織、神經等之影響，請注意如：
A.關於注射部位，避免於神經步行部位，請慎重投與。
B.反覆注射時，對新生兒、早產兒、乳兒、小兒，應特別注意。
C.插入注射針時，拔起針，改換部位注射之。
D.為了避免開啟Ampule時異物的混入，請用Ethanol消毒棉等擦拭乾淨後才開啟。
