西藥品
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西藥品查詢
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外觀描述:
白色乾粉、透明玻璃小瓶

醫令代碼:
30161

商品名:
ENDOXAN★ 500MG(高劑量)

中文名:
癌得星注射劑

學名:
Cyclophosphamide

劑型:
VIAL

孕婦用藥分級:
D 級

健保碼:
BC21304277

藥品許可證:
衛署藥輸字第021304號

仿單下載:

用藥指導單張:

ATC7藥理類別:

結構式 :

Image:Cyclophosphamide structure.svg

N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide


UpToDate:

藥理作用 :
Cyclophosphamide是由oxazaphosphamide基團衍生而出的細胞抑制劑,結構上和芥子氣相關。體外不活化,須經由肝臟內的微粒體酵素活化成4-hydroxycyclophosphamide,和aldophosphamide為立體異構物。其細胞毒性作用為烴基性代謝物和DNA起交互作用而來,使DNA雙股產生錯誤的交叉連結及蛋白質結構改變。細胞循環中,經由G2期的通道是退化的,細胞毒性作用對於細胞週期階段不具特異性,但對細胞週期則有。和其他烴基化物一樣,尤其是構造相關的細胞抑制劑,如Ifosfamide,交叉抗藥性不能被排除。

適應症:
淋巴性白血病、散發性腫瘤、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓性淋巴病、淋巴肉芽腫及各種網狀組織細胞增多症、防止腫瘤復發。

用法用量:
1. 靜注:成人─誘導:40~50mg/kg,分數次投與2~5天以上。維持量:10~15mg/kg每天7~10天1次,或3~5mg/kg。每週2次或每天1.5~3mg/kg。孩童─誘導:2~8mg/kg或60~250mg/㎡分數次投與,共6天或6天以上。維持量:10~15mg/kg,每7~10天1次。或30mg/kg每3~4週1次。
2. 對骨髓機能抑制的病人劑量減少⅓~½。

副作用:
白血球減少、血小板減少出血、貧血、出血性膀胱炎、排尿障礙等、肝障害、黃膽等、低血鈉症、噁心、嘔吐、食慾不振、便痢、下痢、皮膚發疹、脫毛皮膚炎、色素沉著、倦怠感、頭痛、心肌障害、心不全、低血壓、肺浮腫、甲狀腺亢進、無精子、無月經、高血糖、創傷治癒延遲。

藥物動力學:

Absorption
Well absorbed orally. T max is 2 to 3 h for metabolites (IV dose).

Distribution
More than 75% bioavailable after oral administration. More than 60% of metabolites are bound to plasma proteins. Low protein binding for cyclophosphamide.

Metabolism
Converted to active alkylating metabolites in the liver.

Elimination
The t ½ is 3 to 12 h (unchanged drug). Eliminated primarily as metabolites. 5% to 25% is excreted in urine as unchanged drug.

Special Populations
Renal Function Impairment
Metabolites may be elevated but increased toxicity has not been seen.


交互作用:

Anticoagulants
Increased hypoprothrombinemic effect may occur.

Barbiturates, other enzyme inducers
May increase the rate of active cyclophosphamide metabolite formation and possibly increase neutropenic effects.

Chloramphenicol, other enzyme inhibitors
May inhibit cyclophosphamide's antineoplastic activity by decreasing rate of active metabolite formation.

Digoxin
May cause decreased serum levels of digoxin.

Oral quinolone antibiotics
May cause decreased GI absorption of quinolone antibiotics.

Succinylcholine and possibly mivacurium
Prolongation of neuromuscular blockade by cyclophosphamide's inhibition of pseudocholinesterase may occur.


禁忌:
懷孕及哺乳婦女忌用。

注意事項:
1.應經常檢查肝腎狀態,預防骨髓機能抑制及出血性膀胱炎等嚴重副作用發生。
2.肝障礙患者、腎障礙患者、骨髓機能抑制患者合併感染患者、水痘患者應該更加慎重使用。

藥品保存方式:
藥品應置於攝氏 15 ~ 25 度乾燥處所;如發生變質或過期,不可再使用。

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