(2R,5R,6S)-3,3-dimethyl-6-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
更嚴重的感染:如下呼吸道或散佈性的感染:成人及體重40公斤以上的兒童:每4到6小時給予1 g或更高劑量。小孩體重40公斤以下者:100 mg/kg/day或更高劑量,平均分為每4到6小時給予一次。
Absorption
30% to 35% of the oral dose is absorbed from the GI tract. The T max is 5 min (IV), 30 min (IM), and 30 min to 2 h (oral). The C max is 43 mcg/mL (IV), 2.6 to 3.9 mcg (oral), and 5.3 to 10.9 mcg/mL (IM). Food decreases the rate and extent of absorption.
Distribution
Varies. Concentrations are found in CSF and aqueous humor, pleural, bile, and amniotic fluids. Protein binding is approximately 94.2%, mainly albumin. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk.
Metabolism
Metabolized to active and inactive metabolites.
Elimination
Rapidly excreted primarily as unchanged drug in urine. The t ½ for elimination is 30 min. The t ½ for serum is 20 to 30 min.
Contraceptives, oral
Reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives.
Probenecid
Increased oxacillin levels.
Tetracyclines
Impaired bactericidal effects of oxacillin.
Incompatibility
Aminoglycosides.
所有的抗菌劑幾乎都曾發生偽膜性結腸炎Pseudomembranous colitis,程度則從輕微到足以致命都有。因此,如病人服用本抗菌劑且因而有腹瀉發生時,應在診斷上考慮此可能性。若診斷上確定為此現象時,應即開始治療。確定病原菌及其對本抗青黴素酉每青黴素之感受性的細菌培養,必須事先完成。若細菌培養無法證明是葡萄球菌時,在事先已以疑似葡萄球菌感染的治療,須改以他種抗菌劑處理。
以Oxacillin作長期的治療時,階段性的對腎、肝及造血系統的功能加以評估,是必須做的一件事。血液培養,白血球及其他不同血球的計數須在治療前先做過一次,在以Oxacillin治療的期間則最少每星期再做一次。
尿液分析也是階段性必須做的工作,血中尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen)的含量,肌氨酸酐(creatinine)、AST (SGOT)及ALT (SGPT)的濃度也都是以Oxacillin治療期間須測定的項目。若以上這些項目的數字升高時,應考慮改變治療劑量。



