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外觀描述:
紅色/淡黃色長圓柱形0號硬膠囊

醫令代碼:
23175

商品名:
ERYTHROMYCIN 250MG

中文名:
紅黴素膠囊

學名:
Erythromycin

劑型:
CAP

孕婦用藥分級:
B 級

健保碼:
AC03775100

藥品許可證:
衛署藥製字第003775號

仿單下載:

用藥指導單張:

ATC7藥理類別:

結構式 :

6-(4-dimethylamino-3-hydroxy- 6-methyl-oxan-2-yl)oxy- 14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-
4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl- oxan-2-yl)oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl- 1-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione


UpToDate:

藥理作用 :
微生物學:
生化學測試顯示,erythromycin可抑制病原菌種蛋白質的合成,而不會直接影響核酸的合成。已知erythromycin和clindamycin、lincomycin 及chloramphenicol之間會有拮抗作用。
Erythromycin藉由與感受細菌的50S核糖體次單位結合,及抑制蛋白質的合成來發揮其作用。它不會直接影響核酸的合成。

適應症:
葡萄球菌感染症、鏈球菌感染症、肺炎雙球菌感染症、淋菌感染症、軟性下疳、梅毒及一般紅絲菌素感受性菌引起之感染症。

用法用量:
成人:口服250-500 mg每6-8小時一次;兒童:口服30-50 mg/kg/天每6小時一次。

副作用:
腹部不適、噁心或嘔吐、口腔疼痛、陰道搔癢及有分泌物。

藥物動力學:

Absorption
Orally administered erythromycin base and its salts are readily absorbed. Because of interindividual variation in absorption, some patients do not achieve optimal serum concentrations.

Distribution
Erythromycin diffuses into most body fluids. In the absence of meningeal inflammation, low concentrations are achieved in the spinal fluid; however, passage across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. Although erythromycin crosses the placenta, fetal plasma levels are low. Erythromycin is extensively bound to plasma protein.

Elimination
Erythromycin is not removed by peritoneal dialysis. Erythromycin is concentrated in the liver and excreted in the bile. Less than 5% is recovered in the active form in the urine.


交互作用:

Anticoagulants
May increase anticoagulant effects.

Bromocriptine
May increase serum bromocriptine levels.

Cisapride, pimozide
Plasma levels may be elevated, increasing the risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia and torsades de pointes; coadministration with erythromycin is contraindicated.

Drugs inhibited by CYP3A metabolism (eg, alfentanil, buspirone, carbamazepine, cilostazol, cyclosporine, disopyramide, felodipine, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors [eg, lovastatin, simvastatin]), phenytoin valproate, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors [eg, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil], quinidine, repaglinide, tacrolimus, theophyllines, triazolobenzodiazepines [eg, alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam], vinblastine)
Plasma levels may be elevated by erythromycin, increasing the pharmacologic effects and risk of toxicity (eg, rhabdomyolysis with lovastatin or simvastatin).

Clindamycin, topical
Antagonism may occur with topical erythromycin; coadministration is not recommended.

Digoxin
May cause increased digoxin levels.

Ergot derivative
Ergot toxicity may occur.

Grapefruit juice
May inhibit erythromycin metabolism, increasing plasma levels and adverse effects.

Methylprednisolone
May decrease Cl of methylprednisolone.

Quinolone antibiotics (eg, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin)
Risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes, may be increased.

Rifamycins (eg, rifabutin)
Rifabutin plasma levels may be increased while erythromycin levels and antibiotic activity may be decreased.


注意事項:

1.未經醫師允許、即使覺得好轉、請勿自行停藥。

2.使用於肝功能不良的病患。


藥品保存方式:
藥品應置於攝氏 15 ~ 25 度乾燥處所;如發生變質或過期,不可再食用。

給付規定:
10.4.巨環類Macrolides(如erythromycin、azithromycin、clarithromycin、roxithromycin):(90/11/1、93/9/1、97/12/1、98/10/1、100/5/1、108/1/1)
1.限用於經臨床診斷或實驗室診斷為黴漿菌(mycoplasma)或披衣菌(chlamydia)或退伍軍人桿菌(legionella)引起之感染、或經培養證實為macrolides有效之致病菌感染(需於病歷記載診斷依據,俾利審查)。
2.本類製劑應儘量避免合併使用其他抗生素,用於治療「非結核分枝(耐酸)桿菌 (NTM)」者不在此限。(100/5/1)

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